Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB14
Materi : Perbedaan dan Pengertian Kerangka Tulisan atau Outline
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq

Pengertian, Perbedaan dan Ciri-ciri Kerangka Tulisan

>>> Kerangka tulisan atau outline adalah panduan utama untuk menulis. Pokok pikiran pada alinea demi alinea kita rencanakan dengan rapi. Apa yang akan kita ungkapkan pada alinea pertama, kedua, ketiga dan seterusnya. Tujuannya, supaya tulisan mengalir lancar, fokus, dan tidak melenceng dari angle yang kita pilih.

>>> Menuliskan outline sangat berguna untuk banyak kondisi, misalnya :

1. penulis pemula yg sedang mengasah kemampuan menulis,
2. penulis senior pun membutuhkannya, terutama untuk topik tulisan yang kompleks dan membutuhkan konsentrasi dan perenungan mendalam,
3. untuk mendokumentasikan ide. Sering kali kita tidak punya waktu yang luas untuk menulis sebuah ide saat itu juga. Pada saat seperti itu, kita bisa mmebuat outline singkat yang akan dieksplorasi begitu kita punya waktu.

Apa saja yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat kerangka tulisan?

>>> Tugas utama sebuah tulisan adalah menjawab angle, sudut pandang, yang telah kita tentukan. Jadi, saat menyusun outline, kita harus selalu merujuk pada rumusan angle tersebut. Pertanyakan selalu apakah outline sudah sesuai dengan angle, apakah tidak melenceng, apakah tidak justru melemahkan angle.

Kira-Kira Rumus Dasar Membuat Outline adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Lead : pembuka tulisan. Harus menarik dan memancing keingintahuan pembaca.
2. Menjelaskan kalimat pemancing yang kita sampaikan pada lead atau pembuka.
3. Konteks tulisan. Pada bagian ini, si penulis menyampaikan bahwa tulisannya layak dibaca dan penting untuk diketahui pembaca
4. deskripsi permasalahan, eksplorasi data dan argumen pendukung.
5. Penutup, bisa berupa kesimpulan, tawaran solusi, renungan, atau bahkan pertanyaan balik kepada pembaca.

>>> Outline adalah panduan tulisan paragraf demi paragraf. Komposisi tulisan adalah bentuk sebaran ide pada tulisan. Saat menyusun outline, kita harus memperhatikan sebaran ide ini sehingga tulisan nantinya memiliki komposisi yang bagus dari awal sampai akhir sehingga pembaca betah menikmati karya kita.

Subject Area Reviews (Subject-Verb Agreement)

Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB14
Materi : Subject Area Reviews (Subject-Verb Agreement)
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq


there are
there were + plural subject. .
there have been


There is a storm approaching.
There have been a number of telephone calls today.
There was an accident last night.
There were too many people at the party.
There has been an increase in the importation of foreign cars.
There was water on the floor where he fell.


Choose the correct form of the verb in the following sentences.
* Jawaban yang benar diwarnai biru. .

1. Neither Bill nor Mary (is/ are) going to the play tonight.

2. Anything (is/ are) better than going to another movie tonight.

3. Skating (is/ are) becoming more popular every day.

4. A number of reporters (was/ were) at the conference yesterday.

5. Everybody who (has/ have) a fever must go home immediately.

6. Your glasses (was/ were) on the bureau last night.

7. There (was/ were) some people at the meeting last night.

8. The committee (has/ have) already reached a decision.

9. A pair of jeans (was/ were) in the washing machine this morning.

10. Each student (has/ have) answered the first three questions.

11. Either John or his wife (make/ makes) breakfast each morning.

12. After she had perused the material, the secretary decided that everything (was/ were) in
order.

13. The crowd at the basketball game (was/ were) wild with excitement.

14. A pack of wild dogs (has/ have) frightened all the ducks away.

15. The jury (is/ are) trying to reach a decision.

16. The army (has/ have) eliminated this section of the training test.

17. The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is/ are) appalling.

18. There (has/ have) been too many interruptions in this class.

19. Every elementary school teacher (has/ have) to take this examination.

20. Neither Jill nor her parents (has/ have) seen this movie before.

Choose the correct from of the verb in parentheses

Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB14
Materi : Choose the correct from of the verb in parentheses
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq


Choose the correct from of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences..!!!
* jawaban yang benar diwarnai

1. John, along with twenty friends (is, are) planning a party.

2. The picture of the soldiers (bring, brings) back many memories.

3. The quality of these recordings (is, are) not very good.

4. If the duties of these officers (isn't, aren't) reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the
project.

5. The effects of cigarette smoking (have, has) been proven to be extremely harmful.

6. The use of credit cards in place of cash (have, has) increased rapidly in recent years.

7. Advertisements on television (is, are) becoming more competitive than ever before.

8. Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others (is, are) at an all time high.

9. Mr. Jones, accompanied by several members of the committee (have, has) proposed some
changes of the rules.

10. The level of intoxication (vary, varies) farm subject to subject.

Correct form of the verb in parentheses

Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB 14
Materi : Correct form of the verb in parentheses (Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1)
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq


Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses in following sentences. . .!

1. The teacher decide (accepting/ to accept) the paper.

2. The apperpciate (to have/ having) this information.

3. His Father doesn't approve of his (going/ to go) to Europe.

4. We found it very difficult (reaching/ to reach) a decision.

5. Donna is interested in (to open/ opening) a bar.

6. George has no intention of (to leave/ leaving) the city now.

7. We are eager (to return/ returning) to school in the fall.

8. You would be better off (to buy/ buying) this car.

9. She refused (to accept/ accepting) the gift.

10. Mary regrets (to be/ being) the one and to have to tell him.

11. George pretended (to be/ being) sick yesterday.

12. Carlos topes (to finish/ finishing) his thes is this year.

13. They agreed (to leave/ leaving) early.

14. Helen was anxious (to tell/ telling) her family about her promation.

15. We are not ready (to stop/ stoping) this reaseach at this time.

16. Henry shouldn't risk (to drive/ driving) so fast.

17. He demands (to know/ knowing) what is going on.

18. She is looking forward to (return/ returning) to her country.

19. There is no excuse for (to leave/ leaving) the room in condition.

20. Gerald returned to his home after (to leave/ leaving) the game.

Paper Economy (Global Crisis The World)

Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB14
Materi : Paper Economy (Global Crisis The World)
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq

Global Crisis The World

This paper proposes the uses of the global economic crisis smash effect simulation theoretical framework to evaluate the final effects of the global financial crisis o the world economy. We present different scenarios and results according to different levels of devastation that the global financial crisis can generate on the world economy. It is based on the evaluation of the unemployment and the world wide poverty dissemination. We suggest the application of economic modeling to visualize differnt scenarios and the final impact of the global financial crisis.

Global crisis has become the world's complication. It began with the problem criginated from the subprime mortgage in USA in the middle of 2007. The situation was deteriorated by the financial crisis in September 2008 1). Although the crisis started and mainly occurs in the US, it has sufficiently affected economies both in Europe and Asia. Even country with considerably strong economy in Asia such as Japan was also economically wounded by the spread of the crisis. In September 2008,Japan's surplus from international trading declined 48.8 percent from the previous year 2). The crisis also affected, eventhought not as sufficient as Japan, newly industrialized countries in Asian region like Hongkong, Korea and Singapore. Averagely, those three economies declined at rates between 10 percent and 25 percent. It happenned as a result of the demand reduction for consumer goods and capital goods 3). The crisis also gave impact to the employment. In Indonesia, about three thousands of Indonesian worker, coming from Sumatera Utra, were sent home from Malaysia 4). As a result of a declining of manufacturing activitics as the country is also suffering from the global crisis. Further, it is reported, also in Indonesia, that the number of unemployment in national level, contributed by the global crisis, reaches around 51.000 - 57.000 of people 5). Another sector thatis also crucial for one country economy is investment. For many economies, specially those in developing countries, investment plays as an important supports productivity which is the center part of an economic. Therefore, maintaining a good-level of investment, while global crisis is imposibly avoided, is something that should be given a serious attention.
Law as one of the tools for development has being utilized to regulate many sectors n development, including investment. Law is also expected, althoughin in man cas is not always succeeded, to be able to accommodate the keep changing situation of the human life. In the context of the global crisis and investment, law does have a chance to take part in the effort to maintain a good-level of investment.
This Seminar is aimed of accommodating as well as exploring ways, means, ideas and aspiration from both academicians and practitioners concerning the approach of investment 1 " The global economy is an unfolding narrative as opposed to a finite position. The economy is not a static instrument and there have had to be assumptions made and some modelling done but the economic picture has been consta

1. The current crisis is multidimensional and diverse. No crisis is gender neutral. Something we focus more on the short term impacts of the crisis, but there are also longer term impacts, and this may be an oppotunity for us to effect the structural framework.
2. Very little has been written on gender effects of crisis. There are three major impacts. The first are economic impacts, such as unemployment domestically and abroad, and this also includes the problem of return migrants and remittances. In some cases things are not clear, when women are in low-wage sectors and their job losses may not be as rapid as that of men.
3. The second set of impacts are related to human development. In the case of crisis, women and girls bear the brunt of the crisis first. Girls must drop out of school first, get health care second. There is also disparity in food consumptions and nutrition.
4. The third set of impacts are related to care work and the care economy. As women have to come out of the home to seek jobs, households lose primary caregivers. Human development impacts are seen with a time lag.
5. There are also a set of impacts specific to women. The whole issueof domestic violence becomes an issue. There also may be increasing trafficking and prostitution of women.
6. What perspective to take with respect to the economic crisis? First should be the human development perspective. It is nutrition, life expectancy and educational achievements which form the basis of society and policy to respond to the global crisis.

Economic Sectors
Main article : Economic Sectors

The Economy includes several sectors (also called industries), that evolved in successive phases.

• The ancient economy was mainly based on subsistence farming.
• The industrial revolution lessened the role of subsistence farming, converting it to more extensive and monocultural forms of agriculture in the last three centuries. The economic growth took place mostly in mining, construction and manufacturing industries.
• In the economies of modern consumer societies there is a growing part played by services, finance and technology-the (knowledge economy).

In modern economies, there are four main sectors of economic activity :

• Primary sector of the economy : Involves the extraction and production of raw materials, such as corn, coal, wood and iron. (A coal miner and a fisherman would be workers in the primary sector).
• Secondary sector of the economy : Involves the transformation of raw or intermediate materials into goods e.g. manufacturing steel into cars, or textiles into clothing. (A builder and a dressmaker would be workers in the secondary sector).
• Tertiary sector of the economy : Involves the provision of services to consumers and businesses, such as baby sitting, cinema and banking. (A shopkeeper and an accountant would be workers in the tertiary sector).
• Quaternary sector of the economy : Involves the research and development needed to produce products from natural resources. (A logging company might research ways to use partially burnt wood to be processed so that the undamaged portions of it can be made into pulp for paper).
  

Kata Mutiara

Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB14
Materi : Kata Mutiara (Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1)
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq

KATA MUTIARA

1. Among those whom I like or admire, I can find no common denominator but among those whom I love, I can all of them make me laugh.

" Diantara begitu yang saya suka atau kagumi, saya bisa menemukan umat beragama yang tidak biasa tetapi diantara begitu yang saya cinta, saya bisa semua dari mereka membuat saya tertawa" .

2. Love which was once beleved to contain theb answer, we now know to be nothing more than an inherited behavior pattern.

" Cinta yang pertama kali dicintai untuk mengetahui sebuah jawaban, kami sekarang tahu untuk tidak apa-apa lebih banyak mewarisi kelakuan teladan" .

3. The means by which we live hare outdistanced the ends for which we live. Our scientific fower has out run our spiritual power. we have guided missiles and misguided men.

" Cara dari yang kami tinggal truwelu mendahului terakhir untuk yang kami tinggal. Ilmiah bunga kita akan lari keluar untuk kekuatan keagamaan kita. Kami punya peluru kendali dan laki-laki tersesat" .

Taq quetions n Afferinative Agreement

Nama : Wiinda Puspita Lim Setyawati
Kelas : 3 EB14
NPM : 21207169
Materi : Taq quetions n Afferinative Agreemnet
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq

Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1(Tanggal 5 November 2009)

l. Taq Quetions..!

1. You are going to school tomorrow? (aren't you)
2. Gary signed the petition? (didn't he)
3. There is an exam tomorrow? (isn't there)
4. Beverly will be attending the university in september? (will not it)
5. She is been studying English for two years? (hasn't she)
6. It sure is suny today? (isn't it)
7. He should stay in bed? (shouldn't he)
8. You can't play tenis today? (can you)
9. There aren't any peaches teft? (are there)
10. We have seen that movie? (haven't we)

ll. Afferinative Agreement.

1. Roses likes to fly, and her brother does to.
2. They will leave at noon and I will to.
3. He has an early appointment and so do.
4. She has already written her composition and so has my nigh bour.
5. The plane is arriving at nine o'clock and so is mine.
6. I should go grocery shopping this afternoon and so should my neighter.
7. We like to swim in the pool and they do too.
8. Our spanish teacher loves to travel and so do we.
9. He has lived in Mexico for five years and you have too.
10. I must write them a letter and she must too.

Business Letter

Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB14
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq
Materi : Business Letter (Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1)

BUSINESS LETTER

Business Letter is a letter written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter will depend on the relationship between the parties concerned. A Business Letter is more formal than a personal letter. It should have a margin of at least one inch on all four edges. There are six parts to a business letter.
Full Block Business Letter Components
Full block format means that all the elements of the letter are left-justified so that the start of each line is at the left-hand margin. This is the more formal style, so use it if you’re unsure which to go for.
Full Block Business Letter Components
Full block format means that all the elements of the letter are left-justified so that the start of each line is at the left-hand margin. This is the more formal style, so use it if you’re unsure which to go for.


Legend:
1. Return Address: If your stationery has a letterhead, skip this. Otherwise, type your name, address and optionally, phone number.
2. Date: Type the date of your letter two to six lines below the letterhead. Three are standard. If there is no letterhead, type it where shown.
3. Reference Line: If the recipient specifically requests information, such as a job reference or invoice number, type it on one or two lines, immediately below the Date (2).
4. Special Mailing Notations: Type in all uppercase characters, if appropriate.
5. On-Arrival Notations: Type in all uppercase characters, if appropriate. You might want to include a notation on private correspondence.
6. Inside Address: Type the name and address of the person and/or company to whom you're sending the letter.
7. Attention Line: Type the name of the person to whom you're sending the letter.
8. Salutation: Type the recipient's name here. Type Mr. or Ms. [Last Name] to show respect, but don't guess spelling or gender.
9. Subject Line: Type the gist of your letter in all uppercase characters, either flush left or centered. Be concise on one line.
10. Body: Type two spaces between sentences. Keep it brief and to the point.
11. Complimentary Close: What you type here depends on the tone and degree of formality.
12. Signature Block: Leave four blank lines after the Complimentary Close (11) to sign your name. Sign your name exactly as you type it below your signature. Title is optional depending on relevancy and degree of formality.
13. Identification Initials: If someone typed the letter for you, he or she would typically include three of your initials in all uppercase characters, then two of his or hers in all lowercase characters.
14. Enclosure Notation: This line tells the reader to look in the envelope for more. Type the singular for only one enclosure, plural for more. If you don't enclose anything, skip it.
15. cc: Stands for courtesy copies (formerly carbon copies).

Modified Block Style Business Letter Components
• Modified Block Style: With this business letter format, the body of the letter is left justified and single-spaced. The date and closing, however, are in alignment in the center of the page.
• Block Style: when using this business letter format, the entire letter is left justified and single-spaced except for a double space between paragraphs.


Modified Semi-Block Style Business Letter Components
Semiblock Style: similar to the modified block business letter style except that each paragraph is indented instead of left justified. This sample includes the formal components of modified semi-block business letters. Some of these components are optional for typical, employment-related business letters.

DEFINITION OF A BUSINESS LETTER
A business letter serves the main purpose of communication between two companies, or it is a method to talk to different people within a business.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Nama : Winda Puspita Lim Setyawati
NPM : 21207169
Kelas : 3 EB14
Dosen : Muhammad Kholiq
Mater : Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1 (Subject-verb Agreement)


Subject-Verb Agreement

Basic Principle: Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs. My brother is a nutritionist. My sisters are mathematicians.
See the section on Plurals for additional help with subject-verb agreement.
1. The indefinite pronouns anyone, everyone, someone, no one, nobody are always singular and, therefore, require singular verbs.
• Somebody has left her purse.

2. Some indefinite pronouns are particularly troublesome Everyone and everybody (listed above, also) certainly feel like more than one person and, therefore, students are sometimes tempted to use a plural verb with them.
• Everyone has finished his or her homework.
3. If your sentence compounds a positive and a negative subject and one is plural, the other singular, the verb should agree with the positive subject.
• It is not the faculty members but the president who decides this issue.
4. The pronouns neither and either are singular and require singular verbs even though they seem to be referring, in a sense, to two things.
• Which shirt do you want for Christmas?
Either is fine with me.
5. The conjunction or does not conjoin (as and does): when nor or or is used the subject closer to the verb determines the number of the verb. Whether the subject comes before or after the verb doesn't matter; the proximity determines the number.
• Either my father or my brothers are going to sell the house.
• Are either my brothers or my father responsible?

elaborate definition
elabo•rate (ē lab′ə rit, i-; for v., -ə rāt′)
adjective
1. worked out carefully; developed in great detail
2. highly wrought or ornamented; complicated
3. painstaking
Etymology: L elaboratus, pp. of elaborare, to work out, labor greatly < e-, out + laborare < labor, labor
Subject + Verb + Complement
There are two clause patterns that look similar but which are in fact very different:

In sentence 1 the word grass is the object and the words elephant and grass refer to different things. In sentence 2 the word animals refers to the same thing as elephants. It completes the meaning of the subject. So it is described as the subject complement:



The complement
The subject complement of a simple sentence:
 comes after the verb
 is either
- a noun or 'noun-like thing', or
- an adjective (as in the sentence, Elephants are big.)
 refers to the same person thing or idea as the subject.
This type of clause uses a special type of verb, a linking verb. the commonest linking verb is be. Others are become and seem:

Complements
Since this page is about the completers of thoughts, it is appropriate to include a brief description of complements. A complement (notice the spelling of the word) is any word or phrase that completes the sense of a subject, an object, or a verb.
A subject complement follows a linking verb; it is normally an adjective or a noun that renames or defines in some way the subject.
o A glacier is a huge body of ice.
o Glaciers are beautiful and potentially dangerous at the same time.
o This glacier is not yet fully formed. (verb form acting as an adjective, a participle)

Adjective complements are also called predicate adjectives; noun complements are also called predicate nouns or predicate nominatives. See predicates, above.
• An object complement follows and modifies or refers to a direct object. It can be a noun or adjective or any word acting as a noun or adjective.
o The convention named Dogbreath Vice President to keep him happy. (The noun "Vice President" complements the direct object "Dogbreath"; the adjective "happy" complements the object "him.")
o The clown got the children too excited. (The participle "excited" complements the object "children.")
• A verb complement is a direct or indirect object of a verb. (See above.)
o Granny left Raoul all her money. (Both "money" [the direct object] and "Raoul" [the indirect object] are said to be the verb complements of this sentence).

Verb (kata kerja)
Verb adalah kata atau frasa yang menyatakan keberadaan, perbuatan, atau pengalaman. Verb dikategorikan menjadi main verb dan auxiliary verb. Dalam beberapa buku grammar, auxiliary verb disebut helping verb karena digunakan dengan main verb, modal dan to be termasuk dalam auxiliary verb.

Setiap verb dalam bahasa Inggris dapat diformulasikan sebagai berikut:
VERB = tense + (modal) + (have + participle) + (be + -ing) + verb word
(Modal) = can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.

Bila suatu verb menghendaki adanya suatu obyek/pelengkap disebut transitive verb, misalnya: build, cut, find, rise, sleep, stay, walk, etc. Sebaliknya bila verb tersebut tidak memerlukan suatu obyek/pelengkap disebut intransitive verb, misalnya agree, arrive, come, cry. (Be)= is, am, are.

elaborate - verb
• add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing; "She elaborated on the main ideas in her dissertation"
Synonym(s): lucubrate, expatiate, exposit, enlarge, flesh_out, expand, expound, dilate
Hypernym(s): clarify, clear_up, elucidate.